Thursday, February 28, 2013

Syrian rebel put his dreams on hold in civil war

BEIRUT (AP) ? Abdullah Qadi stood apart from his fellow rebel fighters ? an educated young man from a poor farming town who managed to make it through veterinary school.

He was fresh out of school in March 2011, when Syria's uprising began and erased his career plans of treating animals and someday becoming a professor.

As the violence deepened into a civil war, Qadi worked as a medic but later took up arms when his brother was killed, becoming a field commander.

Qadi was leading fighters into battle against the government forces when I met him on two occasions last year, a 25-year-old who was swept up in events he didn't quite understand and didn't expect to survive.

"I try to ask myself where I'll be after the revolution, and I can't imagine myself anywhere but in the grave," Qadi told me the last time I saw him in person.

I saw Qadi again earlier this week: As I sat at my computer in Beirut, a YouTube video flashed across the screen showing his body after he had been killed in northern Syria during government shelling and airstrikes. The video, posted online by the rebels, declared him a "martyr" in the fight against President Bashar Assad.

___

EDITOR'S NOTE: Ben Hubbard, an Associated Press correspondent based in Beirut, interviewed rebel fighter Abdullah Qadi during reporting trips into Syria. Here is his remembrance of the young brigade commander who died this week while fighting in northern Syria.

___

Qadi's death was like many of the more than 70,000 in the civil war ? violent, fast and mostly invisible to the outside world, other than in a few posts on Facebook pages run by his friends.

For me, it was a moment of recognizing someone familiar in the stream of gruesome images from the nearly 2-year-old conflict.

Because the government bars most reporters from working in Syria, on-the-ground reporting can only be done on dangerous, clandestine trips into the country.

It was on one such trip in November that I spent several days with Qadi and his brigade in northern Syria, both in a simple farmhouse they used as a base near their hometown of Maaret Misreen and in a fancy villa where they squatted while planning to attack an army base.

Qadi fielded my questions about his group, answering softly and earnestly, laughing shyly at times without opening his mouth much to hide a chipped front tooth.

His college education made him different from most of his fellow fighters. He was shorter than many of his colleagues and he usually wore an army green sweater and camouflage pants. He had grown a beard in the revolutionary fashion, but it was too downy to harden his image.

When the political protests against Assad grew more violent, his future was changed forever. Instead of healing farm animals, his medical expertise was put to use in treating victims of the government crackdown.

Then, in December 2011, his brother, Mazen, was killed in a shootout with a pro-regime militia, and Qadi joined a new brigade called The Beloved of Allah, most of whose members were guys he grew up with.

Like most of those fighting Assad's forces, he was a devout Sunni Muslim who didn't fully agree with the jihadists and foreign fighters who had joined the civil war seeking to turn Syria into an Islamic state. But their presence didn't bother him enough to make him refuse their help in battle.

He was popular with his men and known for his caution, recalled Sair Schaib, another brigade member, in an interview via Skype.

Some chafed at times at Qadi's reluctance to push forward quickly, but they later appreciated it. They realized that despite all the talk of the glory of martyrdom, he really didn't want to get his men killed.

This week, Qadi's brigade was among the rebels who pushed into Khan al-Assal, a village east of Aleppo in northern Syria near a police academy that Assad's forces have turned into a military base that regularly fires shells at nearby villages.

Government forces heavily shelled the area and the rebels organized cars to evacuate the civilians, said Schaib, who was a few streets away from Qadi.

Then a government jet bombed them, damaging homes and wounding a number of fighters and civilians.

Once they had been evacuated, Schaib rejoined the rest of his group and found another fighter cradling Qadi's head in his lap and reciting the Muslim declaration of faith.

Qadi's colleagues announced his death on their Facebook page, telling his story in epic language that portrayed him as a model for all.

"He picked up his weapon and joined the valiant revolutionaries, a courageous hero who did not fear death, but instead asked Allah for it, seeking martyrdom and receiving it from Allah," it said. "You will live on in our presence and in or hearts as we continue the march until we reach one of two blessings, victory or martyrdom."

They also posted a video of his body, his face uncovered. His fellow rebels, their voices cracking with emotion, yelled "God is great!"

Qadi was buried Monday night in his hometown, next to his brother.

Months earlier, over a plate of chicken fingers and french fries, Qadi spoke of how he had deferred his dreams of work, graduate study and marriage to fight a war he didn't expect to see end.

But he didn't seem depressed at that late-night dinner. He had fully embraced his new life.

"I'm happy with the battles and the people I've gotten to know," Qadi said. "These are the best moments of my life."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/syrian-rebel-put-dreams-hold-civil-war-193622834.html

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Chrome for Android gets major update as ver. 25 graduates from beta

 

Chrome update

The stable version of Chrome for Android has received a major upgrade, from version 18 all the way up to 25 -- the version that was in beta until recently. Major changes include significantly improved scrolling performance, improved JavaScript and HTML5 processing speed and speedier pinch-to-zoom.

The new build is rolling out right now, so hit fire up the Play Store to update your devices. Alternatively, if you've yet to try Chrome for Android, you can pick it up using the Google Play link to the right.

When you're done updating, be sure to hit the comments and let us know how you're getting on.

 



Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/uI6x4tfqtrk/story01.htm

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Cell sugar concentrations affect hyaluronan production and cancer growth

Cell sugar concentrations affect hyaluronan production and cancer growth [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 27-Feb-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Kirsi Rilla
kirsi.rilla@uef.fi
358-403-553-218
University of Eastern Finland

According to a recent University of Eastern Finland (UEF) study, elevated cell sugar concentrations increase the production of hyaluronan which, in turn, promotes cancer growth. Regulating the production of hyaluronan may be a way to prevent the spreading of cancer.

Hyaluronan is a long, linear carbohydrate polymer present in the human body. It forms a coating on the surface of many cells and plays a key role in fetal development and in the maintenance of normal tissue balance.

Under normal circumstances, hyaluronan promotes tissue healing; however, it can also maintain inflammation and promote the growth of cancer cells. Due to its high water retention capacity, hyaluronan is widely used in cosmetics and also in the medical sector, for example in the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms and in eye surgery. Hyaluronan injected into the human body for treatment purposes is not associated with cancer risk.

Cells produce hyaluronan with the help of three cell membrane enzymes (HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3), and the production process also needs glucose derivatives.

Hyaluronan synthase 1, i.e. the HAS1 enzyme, is the least well known of the hyaluronan-producing enzymes, and yet its role in cancer malignity seems to be greater than previously thought. Published in Journal of Biological Chemistry, the UEF study showed that HAS1 requires a higher sugar concentration for the production of hyaluronan than HAS2 and HAS3. This finding may be significant for fighting cancer, as cancer cells are known to thrive on blood glucose. Increased glucose levels can lead to increased production of hyaluronan which, in turn, promotes cancer growth. Increased hyaluronan levels have also been found in diabetics with increased blood sugar levels. Diabetics are known to have a higher risk for breast cancer.

HAS1 also plays a significant role in inflammation, because growth factors associated with inflammation mediation, e.g., interleukins, can increase its activeness. This finding constituted part of the doctoral study of Lic. Med. Hanna Siiskonen, which was recently examined at the University of Eastern Finland.

By regulating hyaluronan levels, it may be possible to prevent the progression of cancer and other pathologies. The first clinical trials involving enzymes which break down hyaluronan have been able to slow down the growth and movement of cancer cells and to enhance the effectiveness of cancer drugs.

At the UEF Institute of Biomedicine, the research group of Professor Raija Tammi and Professor Markku Tammi has been studying hyaluronan for 25 years already, and the group's research is internationally renowned. The group focuses on cell biological mechanisms which regulate hyaluronan production. Together with its partners, the group has established a link between increased hyaluronan levels and a negative cancer prognosis in many cancer types, such as breast, prostate, colon, uterine, lung and ovarian cancer.

###

Further information about the research group is available at: http://www.uef.fi/biolaaketiede/ha

For further information, please contact:

Kirsi Rilla, PhD, Docent (Cell Biology)
University of Eastern Finland
School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine
Tel. +35840-3553218
email: kirsi.rilla@uef.fi



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Cell sugar concentrations affect hyaluronan production and cancer growth [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 27-Feb-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Kirsi Rilla
kirsi.rilla@uef.fi
358-403-553-218
University of Eastern Finland

According to a recent University of Eastern Finland (UEF) study, elevated cell sugar concentrations increase the production of hyaluronan which, in turn, promotes cancer growth. Regulating the production of hyaluronan may be a way to prevent the spreading of cancer.

Hyaluronan is a long, linear carbohydrate polymer present in the human body. It forms a coating on the surface of many cells and plays a key role in fetal development and in the maintenance of normal tissue balance.

Under normal circumstances, hyaluronan promotes tissue healing; however, it can also maintain inflammation and promote the growth of cancer cells. Due to its high water retention capacity, hyaluronan is widely used in cosmetics and also in the medical sector, for example in the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms and in eye surgery. Hyaluronan injected into the human body for treatment purposes is not associated with cancer risk.

Cells produce hyaluronan with the help of three cell membrane enzymes (HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3), and the production process also needs glucose derivatives.

Hyaluronan synthase 1, i.e. the HAS1 enzyme, is the least well known of the hyaluronan-producing enzymes, and yet its role in cancer malignity seems to be greater than previously thought. Published in Journal of Biological Chemistry, the UEF study showed that HAS1 requires a higher sugar concentration for the production of hyaluronan than HAS2 and HAS3. This finding may be significant for fighting cancer, as cancer cells are known to thrive on blood glucose. Increased glucose levels can lead to increased production of hyaluronan which, in turn, promotes cancer growth. Increased hyaluronan levels have also been found in diabetics with increased blood sugar levels. Diabetics are known to have a higher risk for breast cancer.

HAS1 also plays a significant role in inflammation, because growth factors associated with inflammation mediation, e.g., interleukins, can increase its activeness. This finding constituted part of the doctoral study of Lic. Med. Hanna Siiskonen, which was recently examined at the University of Eastern Finland.

By regulating hyaluronan levels, it may be possible to prevent the progression of cancer and other pathologies. The first clinical trials involving enzymes which break down hyaluronan have been able to slow down the growth and movement of cancer cells and to enhance the effectiveness of cancer drugs.

At the UEF Institute of Biomedicine, the research group of Professor Raija Tammi and Professor Markku Tammi has been studying hyaluronan for 25 years already, and the group's research is internationally renowned. The group focuses on cell biological mechanisms which regulate hyaluronan production. Together with its partners, the group has established a link between increased hyaluronan levels and a negative cancer prognosis in many cancer types, such as breast, prostate, colon, uterine, lung and ovarian cancer.

###

Further information about the research group is available at: http://www.uef.fi/biolaaketiede/ha

For further information, please contact:

Kirsi Rilla, PhD, Docent (Cell Biology)
University of Eastern Finland
School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine
Tel. +35840-3553218
email: kirsi.rilla@uef.fi



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-02/uoef-csc022713.php

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Cyprus draft bailout measures 'sufficient'

(AP) ? Cyprus' new finance minister says spending cuts and tax increases agreed with international creditors and included in a draft bailout agreement are sufficient to get the country's finances under control.

Michalis Sarris says Wednesday he would be "surprised" if more austerity was demanded.

Sarris says the faster a rescue package is finalized with the other 16 European Union countries that use the euro and the IMF the better. Outgoing Finance Minister Vassos Shiarly said Cyprus has enough money to pay bills until the end of May.

Cyprus needs as much as ?17 billion ($22.3 billion) to stave off bankruptcy after its banks lost billions on bad Greek debt. The sum is equal to the value of the country's economy, raising questions whether it will be able to repay any loan.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2013-02-27-Cyprus-Financial%20Crisis/id-f470b92a2c3e48e4839e64b8f3dd4e2a

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App Discovery Startup AppHero Hits Version 2.0, Shares Details On What Makes Their Recommendations Tick

Screen Shot 2013-02-27 at 4.42.16 PMToronto-based startup AppHero launched version 2.0 of its service today, with a brand new interface and big behind-the-scenes changes to how it offers up recommendations to users. AppHero is on a roll, fresh off funding and a spot on NBC this morning, but the app discovery space is a crowded one, and competitors like AppGratis have more international experience and are aggressively targeting the North American market.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/ObQbghohbwk/

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PSA: Kindle iOS app users should not update to version 3.6.1

PSA iOS Kindle users should not update to version 361

This one's coming straight from the horse's mouth. Amazon is acknowledging a "known issue" with version 3.6.1 of its Kindle app for iOS -- the company is recommending that current users avoid the latest update, which hit the App Store today. According to TUAW, the new version may completely erase a user's book library. How this passed the e-book giant's QA team is anyone's guess, but until a revision hits the cloud, we suggest you stay away.

Filed under: ,

Comments

Via: TUAW

Source: Amazon (iTunes)

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/jkBDhgHZ9HM/

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Wednesday, February 27, 2013

The Intersection: Buckley on Technology: Wearable computing: Why ...


In the middle of January I bought a Nike Fuel Band and I realized something fascinating..... I love being tracked.? Now not to suggest that I'm Orwellian, but one of the things that's have always been about is keeping track of all of my daily activities.? Whether its the number of phone calls or emails that I'm sending each day, my workouts or my pace towards my sales goals.....I'm all about the data and how it enables me to really have a handle on where I am relative to where I'd like to go.? That said, the FuelBand takes this to a whole new level and got me thinking about the fact that this sets the stage for another wave of innovation.....or as my title suggests may lead to the "Next big thing". I wrote about my early experiences with the Fuel Band last month -Gamification and the Art of the Connected Workout - but the more I've interacted with this device the more I've realized its power.? Human experience is not something that just fits into a simple box, but there are certain things that we do on a repetitive basis that CAN be tracked and evaluated by devices of this type.? So why do I think this is the "next big thing"?? It fits the profile for ubiquity. One of the challenges that any technology faces is acceptance and immediately thereafter is ease of use.? When I started using computers in the 80s, the goal was to make them as complex as possible, limiting the number of folks that could really "use" technology...and designed to provide job security for tech professionals.? Today, that approach is a thing of the past and in fact if a technology is deemed to not be "consumer friendly" you are likely to see that product fade quickly.? FuelBand is the first of what I believe will be a wave of "like devices" (much like we saw with Apple's success with tablets leading directly to an entirely new device class), that together with social sharing and the ability to hold others accountable, may constitute another leap forward in how we use technology for what it should be used for.... The betterment of mankind. Think I'm crazy?? Have a thought about what other products/wearable computers (can anyone say Google Googles?) are going to change our world? Drop me a note in the comments section....I'd love to hear from you.

Source: http://buckontech.blogspot.com/2013/02/wearable-computing-why-tracking.html

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Critiquing a Web Site That Tries to Keep It Simple - NYTimes.com

It sounds easy. Sell your product online. Design it to tempt every visitor into becoming a buyer. Add an easy-to-use self-service interface that lets customers get answers without interacting with a salesclerk. Everything seems to happen magically, and everything goes smoothly, without any issues. There may be businesses that manage to accomplish this, but rarely without a few struggles. In this post, we look at one company, Recruiterbox, and its attempt to attract customers and interact with them seemlessly.

Raj Sheth and his two partners created Recruiterbox to help companies organize their recruiting and hiring processes. An entrepreneur from India, Mr. Sheth understood that at many growing companies, the r?sum?s, interviews and internal feedback live ?all over the place,? buried in any number of in-boxes, spreadsheets and side conversations. In 2011, Recruiterbox which is based in Boston and Bangalore and has a team of 12 people, introduced a Web-based tool that automates the entire process. Hiring managers can try the service for free for a single job opening; the fee jumps to $60, $120 or $200 per month for three, six or 10 openings, respectively.

When Recruiterbox was introduced, the company stayed away from outbound marketing like e-mail or telemarketing, opting instead to rely on word-of-mouth, postings to human resources and recruitment blogs and a presence in app stores (like Google Apps). This netted their first 100 or so customers (as well as a few media mentions). Still, attracting visitors to the site was slow, and customer growth, while consistent, remained humble ? in the low hundreds at the end of the first year. In 2012, the customer base grew to 500.

Mr. Sheth has found that he can generate traffic by answering media queries on HelpAReporterOut.com and by crafting frequent blog and video posts that address important H.R. issues. He also has found that including a transcript with the videos helps boost Recruiterbox?s organic search rankings on Google.

Still, revenue grew only slightly after a few months, so Mr. Sheth created a paid Google AdWords campaign. While the quality of customers that came through this channel was high, larger competitors drove up the bids for popular keywords. As a result, each click cost from $7 to $15 ? making AdWords an expensive customer-acquisition channel. The Recruiterbox team kept a fixed budget on their campaign and tweaked the ads, but the cost per paying customer remained high, as much as $500.

After a year, the team began analyzing customer reactions to the sign-up process and pricing structure, which resulted in the company offering more service options. Recruiterbox now handles start-ups and smaller companies ? those with fewer jobs to fill ? through a self-service tool. The site has found that most of the companies that try the service end up completing the 14-day free trial and electing to continue with the monthly subscription.

But Recruiterbox wants to help larger companies, too ? those looking to fill as many as 50 openings. And that?s the challenge: larger clients that want to fill 10 to 25 jobs are much more likely to require an initial service walk-through over the phone to understand how the software works. That of course is a time-consuming burden for a small company.

So the questions facing Mr. Sheth and Recruiterbox are:

Does it make sense for Recruiterbox to focus more attention on one particular customer segment?

? Would concentrating on self-service customers allow Recruiterbox to stick with its original goals and get more business?

? Is that market ? companies with fewer positions to fill ? large enough?

? Should Recruiterbox add more inside sales people to attract and retain larger companies or is that splintering the business focus?

Some questions for readers to think about while looking at Recruiterbox.com:

? Is it easy to understand?

? Can you tell what it?s offering within 15 seconds of landing on the site?

? Would you register without contacting customer support?

? What are your thoughts on tiered service fees?

? Do those fees represent the right value for the cost?

Next week, we?ll follow up with highlights from your comments and I?ll offer my own impressions along with Mr. Sheth?s response.

Would you like to have your business?s Web site or mobile app reviewed? This is an opportunity for companies looking for an honest (and free) appraisal of their online presence and marketing efforts.

To be considered, please tell us ?about your experiences ? why you started your site, what works, what doesn?t and why you would like to have the site reviewed ? in an e-mail to youretheboss@abesmarket.com.

Richard Demb is co-founder of Abe?s Market, an online marketplace for natural products that is based in Chicago.

Source: http://boss.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/02/26/a-web-site-tries-to-keep-it-simple/

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Deep Down, Is Alec Baldwin Just an Angry Guy?

You'd think Alec Baldwin was on a hockey team, from the amount of time he spends playing defense. On Monday, the 30 Rock actor used an appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman to deny the latest rumors of his out-of-control behavior.

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/it-wasnt-alec-baldwins-fault-again/1-a-524094?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Ait-wasnt-alec-baldwins-fault-again-524094

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Yahoo, Herbalife, Netflix: Stocks Feel The Heat From The Four ...

While CEOs in corner offices nationwide may well consider the brief list of activist investors that follows to be a rogues? gallery, anyone who dismisses these four as nothing but troublemakers is missing the point entirely.

Carl Icahn: One of the original agents provocateur of activist investing, Icahn made his name as a ?corporate raider? back in the 1980s before venturing into the more nuanced world of the activists. His targets have included Texaco, Time Warner (NYSE:TWX) and Yahoo (NASDAQ:YHOO) and his personal fortune is estimated to be north of $14 billion. Right now, his investments include Chesapeake Energy (NYSE:CHK), which is struggling with troubled asset sales, low natural gas prices and the legacy of conflicts of interest involving former CEO Aubrey McClendon, and Netflix (NASDAQ:NFLX), the movie rental business working to recast itself in the digital streaming age.

Bill Ackman: Icahn believes Herbalife (NYSE:HLF) is a viable business; Ackman thinks it?s a pyramid scheme. The smackdown between the two titans made for great CNBC television, but Harvard MBA Ackman has earned kudos from his peers for his tenacity in chasing down the problems at the heart of muni bond insurance firm MBIA (NYSE:MBI). Like other activists, his conviction that he is right doesn?t always translate into bottom-line profits: He lost money on Target (NYSE:TGT) and is seeing big losses on his outsize position in JC Penney (NYSE:JCP).

David Einhorn: The 1991 Cornell grad (seen in photo above) made his name with his prescient call on Lehman Brothers, but had spent several years training to be a gadfly. He?s placed a big bet on the ultimate demise of Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (NASDAQ:GMCR), but not all of his positions have proved as lucrative. For instance, a position in BioFuel Energy (NASDAQ:BIOF), an ethanol producer, has done little to boost returns for investors in his Greenlight Capital funds. Still, his comments that he is openly shorting a company like Chipotle Mexican Grill (NYSE:CMG) can be the kiss of death.

Daniel Loeb: This verbose veteran of the activist wars has been quieter of late than he was in the 1990s, when he would file multi-page letters to corporate management teams with the SEC, laying out their alleged misdeeds and missteps one after another. More recently, his activism has been less public, but in restructuring companies like Delphi Automotive (NYSE:DLPH) it?s clear that the same basic principles ? how a company can be run more efficiently and profitably ? still guide him. More recently, he?s been outspoken about Yahoo, which as of year-end accounted for more than a quarter of the nearly $5.5 billion he manages.

Editor's Note: This article by Suzanne McGee originally appeared on The Fiscal Times.

For more from The Fiscal Times:

?


Follow The Fiscal Times on Twitter @TheFiscalTimes.

No positions in stocks mentioned.

Source: http://www.minyanville.com/trading-and-investing/stocks/articles/The-Four-Musketeers-of-Activist-Investing/2/26/2013/id/48390

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Tuesday, February 26, 2013

Video: Gates, Zuckerberg urge kids to code

(AP) ? Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and Twitter creator Jack Dorsey are among the tech luminaries promoting the teaching and learning of computer coding in schools.

A new video released online Tuesday is from Code.org, a nonprofit foundation created to increase computer programming education. Titled "What most schools don't teach," the video begins with Zuckerberg, Gates and other tech icons recalling the time they got their start in coding. For some, that was in sixth grade. For others, such as Ruchi Sanghvi, Facebook's first female engineer, that happened in college.

It's not just tech leaders promoting programming in the video. Chris Bosh, of the Miami Heat basketball team, says about coding: "I know it can be intimidating, a lot of things are intimidating, but, you know, what isn't?"

___

Online:

The video: http://bit.ly/ZGiDeP

The nonprofit: http://www.code.org

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/495d344a0d10421e9baa8ee77029cfbd/Article_2013-02-26-Computer%20Coding-Tech%20Leaders/id-dd4b1a091b444f37b0c483a1501bc0c9

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Singapore Law Watch - Financial-sector tax incentives extended

Concessionary tax rates will be extended for five years to Dec 2018

THE government has extended concessionary tax rates for financial services to ensure that Singapore remains an attractive financial centre.

It also gave boosts to the bond market and offshore specialised insurance sector.

The financial sector incentive (FSI) scheme, which comprises concessionary tax rates of 5 per cent, 10 per cent and 12 per cent, will be extended for five years to Dec 31, 2018, except for Islamic finance activities. Normal corporate tax rate is 17 per cent.

The FSI scheme, which covers a whole range of activities carried out by banks, fund managers, brokerages and other financial institutions, will be broadened.

But the 5 per cent rate for Islamic finance activity which has not taken off will be allowed to expire on March 31, 2013. Islamic finance activities will fall under the 12 per cent standard tier rate.

Also allowed to expire is the 5 per cent rate on Islamic insurance and reinsurance business. Insurers who conduct these activities may apply for the existing 10 per cent offshore insurance business scheme.

"I guess the take-up rate (for Islamic finance) was low," said Larry Sim, KPMG tax partner, financial services.

"Practically, the writing of onshore Islamic insurance is rather limited - requiring special rules and skills, for example Islamic scholars," said Yip Yoke Har, PwC Services, partner.

"Hence, to compete for a slice of the offshore Islamic insurance is always going to be difficult with major players in the region like Malaysia and Indonesia around us," said Ms Yip.

While tax consultants were ho-hum on the FSI extensions, they expect the extension and easing up on compliance to qualify for debt securities concessions to boost the bond market.

Bankers said they expect more companies to come to Singapore to issue debt with compliance easing.

The qualifying debt securities (QDS) and QDS-plus schemes will get the five- year extensions, the government said.

In addition the requirement that the QDS has to be substantially arranged in Singapore will be rationalised to ease compliance for issuers.

"The extension of the QDS tax incentive is important for the continued development of the Singapore bond market," said Kang Choon Pin, Ernst & Young, partner, financial markets.

"The tax regime is an important factor in the decision by the foreign company to use its Singapore subsidiary to issue bonds," said Mr Kang.

Said Clifford Lee, DBS head of fixed income: "Easing a requirement that the debt issue has to be substantially arranged in Singapore to qualify for the QDS scheme further opens up Singapore to regional and global players."

"This scheme will continue to attract more issuers and investors into the market, thus keeping the overall level of activity high," Sim Buck Khim, OCBC Bank co-head of capital markets.

The specialised insurance sector will get tax exemption for underwriting catastrophe risks while the offshore insurance broking business will get a five-year extension for their 10 per cent concessionary tax rate.

The favourable tax treatments should lead to more tax specialists coming here, said consultants.

To encourage the underwriting of severe and volatile catastrophe risks from Singapore, tax exemption will be given on qualifying income from offshore catastrophe excess of loss (XOL) reinsurance layers.

Under the tax incentive, an approved reinsurer will enjoy zero tax from existing 10 per cent on profits earned from writing offshore catastrophe XOL reinsurance risks that provide coverage for more than one risk arising from a single event and against natural perils, said PwC's Ms Yip.

The introduction of the risk incentive is timely given the increasing frequency of natural disasters, she said.

In 2011, there were the Thai floods, the Japan earthquake/tsunami, the Queensland floods, the New Zealand earthquake, to name a few and stark reminders that they occur in Asia, she said.

"The government's move to encourage the writing of catastrophe risks in Singapore will create capacity in Singapore and develop needed expertise here. It would make Singapore an attractive alternative location compared to traditional locations like Bermuda," said Ms Yip.

The maritime industry also got something. International shipping companies which base their operations in Singapore get tax exemption for 10 years, with renewal up to a maximum of 30 years. The government will increase the maximum tenure to 40 years.

Several corporate tax schemes were rationalised in this year's Budget including the start-up tax exemption for property companies.

The government said the start-up tax exemption was introduced in 2004 to encourage entrepreneurship.

"The start-up tax exemption for encouraging entrepreneurship is not intended for such companies," it said.

Under the scheme, the first $100,000 taxable income for the first three years could claim full tax exemption.

"It was more generous than envisaged," said Mr Kang.


Key points

  • Concessionary tax rates for financial sector extended for five years
  • Concessionary tax rates for debt securities extended for five years and compliance will be eased for issuers
  • Enhancing the tax exemption scheme for offshore specialised insurance risks

'This is truly a Singaporean Budget, addressing the immediate needs of Singaporeans and SMEs. It focuses on narrowing the income gap in the nation, improving productivity and reducing the reliance on the foreign workforce, as well as providing the much-needed support to the elderly and lower income group.'
- Toh Boon Ngee, Partner, Tax, KPMG in Singapore

'The Budget has shown to be responsive to feedback and really speaks to Singaporeans.'
- Cheong Choy Wai, Partner, Tax Services, Ernst & Young Solutions LLP

Source: Business Times ? Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Permission required for reproduction.

Source: http://www.singaporelawwatch.sg/slw/headlinesnews/21170-financial-sector-tax-incentives-extended.html?utm_source=rss%20subscription&utm_medium=rss

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Pixar's 'Brave' wins Oscar for best animated film

LOS ANGELES (AP) ? Pixar's Scottish adventure "Brave" has won the Academy Award for best animated feature film.

The win extends Pixar's domination of the category, marking its seventh win since the award was first handed out in 2002. "Brave," Pixar's first film with a female protagonist, didn't garner the kind of critical or popular support that movies like "WALL-E" and "Up" did.

But "Brave" still managed to win over Walt Disney's arcade game fantasy "Wreck-It Ralph," which many expected to take the award. Either way was a victory for Disney, which bought Pixar in 2006.

The other nominees Sunday night were Tim Burton's Mary Shelley homage "Frankenweenie," the stop-motion ghost story "ParaNorman," and the stop-motion sea voyage "The Pirates! Band of Misfits."

The 85th Academy Awards are airing live from the Dolby Theatre.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/pixars-brave-wins-oscar-best-animated-film-020232680.html

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Rape Of Adopted Ohio Kids Unusual, Haunting Case - KHQ Right Now

TROY, Ohio (AP) - The one-story, brick ranch-style home blends into the working-class neighborhood along Nutmeg Square in this western Ohio city, offering no signs of the terrible secrets it once concealed.

Its former owner will return to court in Dayton on Tuesday to be sentenced for guilty pleas to child rape and related charges in a haunting case that experts call unusual because the perpetrator was an adoptive father and the victims were three boys in his care. The pleas have all but ensured he will spend the rest of his life in prison.

The 40-year-old man, whom The Associated Press isn't naming to protect the children's identities, said in an interview that he had been a foster parent, youth basketball coach and substitute teacher for years without any problems. He said he didn't adopt the boys with bad intentions.

"I always wanted to protect kids," he said during one of two interviews at the Miami County Jail. "Somewhere along the line, things went wrong."

In an era of stunning cases of sexual abuse of young boys by respected authority figures ? priests, Boy Scout leaders, an assistant coach at a famed college football program ? the repeated rapes of boys by an adoptive father who also arranged for two other men to rape one adopted son shocked his unsuspecting neighbors, investigators and children's services officials.

"It was just devastating to hear about. It's really sad for the kids," said April Long, a mother of three who was their next-door neighbor. She and other neighbors say they didn't suspect anything; the children played outside, and the man did neighborly things like pick up their mail or mow their lawn when they were away.

"You think: 'What could I have done? Is there something we missed that we should have seen?'" Long said, gazing at the home from her front porch lined with children's bicycles.

The single man was a foster parent for six other children before he began adopting children in the past three years. He adopted a brother and sister and an unrelated boy, and was in the process of adopting another boy, all ages 9 to 12, when authorities arrested him a year ago Sunday following an undercover sting that began when a detective looked into an online posting about "taboo sex."

Ohio officials don't believe there has been a comparable case in the state in recent years, and media reports over the past five years show only a handful of reported cases nationally in which adoptive fathers sexually abused children in their care. Child abuse by adoptive fathers is much rarer than by biological fathers, or by other male relatives and non-relatives, federal studies have indicated.

"This isn't a typical situation. It certainly isn't typical of people seeking adoption," said David Finkelhor, director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire. "Most abusers of this sort have an interest in a child during a certain period of their development. They are looking for opportunities where they can get access to the kids. They don't want to have custodial responsibility."

Fostering and adopting children meant passing background checks and other scrutiny, with home studies and follow-up visits by social workers.

"There can be terrible, horrific instances that no one at any level of government or the adoption system foresaw," Benjamin Johnson, spokesman for the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, said of the case. "That can be a very difficult thing to reconcile ... and we think about that a lot."

The private adoption agency, Dayton-based Action Inc., has said little about the case other than to deny wrongdoing. The state reviewed its operations and noted some procedural violations but no reason to suspend or revoke the agency's license. All the children had been in Texas foster care before coming to Ohio through the agency, one of many that work through interstate agreements to find homes for some of the more than 100,000 children in foster care awaiting adoption at any given time in the United States.

The adoptive father said the three children appeared to be doing so well, he was asked by an agency employee to take a fourth.

The children were involved in sports, school and church and played with other children. They went trick-or-treating ? snapshots from two Halloweens ago show the boys dressed as Green Lantern and Star Wars' Darth Maul and the girl as a princess. They had Xboxes, Wiis and other games and toys at home.

"I loved my kids and wanted the best for them," the man said.

He said he had been sexually abused as a child by a close family member and blames that for his feeling that he wasn't doing anything wrong when he began taking the boys into his bed in what he claimed was a way of showing love.

"I never forced the boys to do anything," he said. "That might not mean anything to anyone else, but it's important to me."

But his explanation doesn't account for subsequently inviting a man to their Troy home to rape one of the boys, and then taking the same boy to another man's home to be raped. He agreed that was wrong, although he stressed that he didn't prostitute the boy by getting anything in return.

Apparently, no child ever hinted at any problem when separated from him by case workers for interviews.

"I guess they just liked it there," the man said.

Police reported that when they interviewed the boy, then age 10, who had also been raped by the two other men, he began shaking, after initially refusing to confirm that anything wrong had happened.

He told police he "didn't want to be taken from this home and separated from his new brothers and sister," a police report stated.

After the man was arrested, the 9-year-old boy who hadn't been adopted yet was returned to Texas social services authorities, while the other three were placed in foster care in Ohio.

At a pretrial hearing last November, a child psychologist testified about some three dozen therapy sessions he had had with the 10-year-old boy, the Dayton Daily News reported.

"It is so traumatic within the security of my office, when he's laying on a sofa, hugging a bear, to talk about these things," said Gregory Ramey of The Children's Medical Center of Dayton.

The adoptive father has already been sentenced here to at least 60 years in prison. In Dayton, he is expected to be sentenced to at least 50 years, to run concurrently.

He said he agreed to plead guilty in hopes of sparing the children from having to testify, that it "was the last good thing I could do for them." In a jail interview, his eyes teared up and his voice choked as he said he was sorry for the pain he had caused them.

In a letter from jail, he wrote: "I've been able to protect my kids from everything and everyone, except myself."

Source: http://www.khq.com/story/21327751/rape-of-adopted-ohio-kids-unusual-haunting-case

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Ivy League Muslim prayer service filled with homophobic invective

The notably anti-gay sermon accompanying a Muslim Friday prayer on Feb. 15 on the campus of Cornell University didn?t go over so well.

The Cornell Sun first reported the story.

?Not all homosexuals are pedophiles, but all pedophiles are homosexuals,? the person who delivered the sermon said, according to junior Ihsan Kabir, president of the Committee for the Advancement of Muslim Culture.

?Homosexuals are freaks and queers who want a pink earth,? was another lesson preached, Kabir said, according to The Sun.

But wait! There?s more!

The person who gave the Friday Sermon then proceeded to bellow that President Barack Obama is ?too liberal? in his tolerance of homosexuality, Kabir recounted.

He also condemned Muslim women who remove their head scarf after praying, The Sun reports.

?Women are dressing like men, but are naked at the same time,? the unidentified sermon-giver reportedly said.

The Sun, Cornell University?s student newspaper, noted that the person who gave the sermon to the congregation assembled in Anabel Taylor Hall is a former employee of school. Also, some students claim that the same individual has orated with similar invective in the past.

The student rag did not otherwise identify the speaker.

?A man who had been invited to speak as a religious leader made the comments,? Renee Alexander,?director of diversity alumni programs and an adviser for one of the Muslim groups on campus, told The Daily Caller. ?His comments were full of bigotry and hate.?

Joe Schwartz, a public information officer at Cornell, told TheDC that the Ivy League school has a ?blanket policy? against commenting on former employees.

Traditionally, a different member of a Muslim community can be chosen to deliver the sermon ? or khutba ? each week. The khutba giver must be a male who has attained the age of puberty and has attained a state of physical purity by washing himself properly.

Cornell junior Sanya Hashmi told The Sun that listening to the sermon was an uncomfortable experience. ?No one quite knew what to do,? she said.

?I hope that this isolated incident, grave though it is, does not reflect poorly on the Muslim community here at Cornell,? Hashmi added.

Junior Adam Abboud penned an open letter conveying his revulsion at the diatribe. That letter has been signed by almost 50 students so far.

?As a Muslim and a firm believer in the teachings of Islam and its premise of justice and social equity, I am absolutely disgusted by such behavior,? Abboud wrote, according to The Sun. He also hoped that the incident wouldn?t make people think of Islam ?as a hateful, misogynistic [or] homophobic faith.

Cornell?s dean of students, Kent Hubbell, told The Sun that the administration plans to release a ?Cornell Responds? statement concerning the incident. Hubbell asserted that the delayed response is a result of the ?principles of freedom of expression? involved, ?especially in a religious context.?

?We wanted to be very thoughtful about how we responded to it,? Hubbell told The Sun.

Last Monday, a meeting of various (apparently Muslim) students and community members occurred. It was decided at that meeting that the person who gave the offending sermon won?t be giving any future sermons. Also, an official apology was planned for the next Friday prayer.

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Ivy League Muslim prayer service filled with homophobic invective

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ivy-league-muslim-prayer-filled-homophobic-invective-222950092.html

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Ikea withdraws meatballs in more than 20 countries

STOCKHOLM (AP) ? Swedish furniture giant Ikea became entangled in Europe's widening meat scandal Monday, forced to withdraw meatballs from stores across Europe amid suspicions that they contained horse meat.

Stores in the U.S. and Canada were not affected, Ikea said.

The company reacted after authorities in the Czech Republic said they had detected horse DNA in tests of 1-kilogram (2.2-pound) packs of frozen meatballs that were labeled as beef and pork. The Czech State Veterinary Administration said it tested two batches of Ikea meatballs and only one of them contained horse meat. It did not say how much.

Meatballs from the same batch had been sent from a Swedish supplier to 12 other European countries ? Slovakia, Hungary, France, Britain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Italy, Greece, Cyprus and Ireland ? and would be pulled off the shelves in all of them, Ikea said.

Later Monday, the company expanded the withdrawals to stores in 21 European countries and in Hong Kong, Thailand and the Dominican Republic, all of which were getting meatballs from the same Swedish supplier.

Ikea spokeswoman Ylva Magnusson said that included most European countries, but not Russia and Norway, which use local suppliers. Stores in Poland and Switzerland use both local suppliers and the Swedish one, but would now only use locally produced meatballs, she said.

"This is an extraordinary effort to ensure that no one is worried," Magnusson told The Associated Press.

She added that two weeks ago Ikea tested a range of frozen food products, including meatballs, and found no traces of horse meat. The company plans to conduct its own tests to "validate" the Czech results, she said.

Ikea's North America branch said the U.S. stores get their meatballs from a U.S. supplier.

"Based on the results of our mapping, we can confirm that the contents of the meatballs follow the Ikea recipe and contain only beef and pork from animals raised in the U.S. and Canada," Ikea North America spokeswoman Mona Astra Liss said in a statement.

Ikea is known for its assemble-it-yourself furniture but its trademark blue-and-yellow megastores also have cafeteria-style restaurants offering Swedish dishes such as meatballs served with boiled or mashed potatoes, gravy and lingonberry jam.

European Union officials met Monday to discuss tougher food labeling rules after the discovery of horse meat in a wide range of frozen supermarket meals that were supposed to contain beef or pork. So far those foods include meatballs, burgers, kebabs, lasagna, pizza, tortelloni, ravioli, empanadas and meat pies, among other items.

Authorities say the scandal is a case of fraudulent labeling but does not pose a health risk.

Gunnar Dafgard AB, a family-owned frozen foods company in southwestern Sweden that supplies Ikea's meatballs in Europe, posted a brief statement on its website saying "the batch in question has been blocked and we are investigating the situation."

Spokesman Ola Larsson said the company was conducting its own DNA tests and wouldn't comment further until it has those results.

Sweden's food safety authority said it wasn't taking any action but was waiting for Czech authorities to specify the quantity of horsemeat detected.

"If it's less than 1 percent it could mean that they handled horsemeat at the same facility. If it's more, we assess that it's been mixed into the product," said Karin Cerenius of Sweden's National Food Agency.

The Czech authority said a total of 760 kilograms (1,675 pounds) of the meatballs were stopped from reaching the shelves. It also said it found horse meat in beef burgers imported from Poland during random tests of food products.

"Unfortunately, the testing method we use detects just the quality ... the presence or non-presence of horse DNA," said Jan Vana, a senior official at the State Veterinary Administration. "At the moment, we can't say the quantity of it."

Spanish authorities, meanwhile, announced that traces of horse meat were found in a beef cannelloni product by one of the brands of Nestle, a Switzerland-based food giant.

In a statement on its website, Nestle Spain said it was withdrawing six "La Cocinera" products and one "Buitoni" product from store shelves. It said it was taking the action after traces of horse meat were found in beef bought from a supplier in Spain and that it was taking legal action against the company.

Processed food products ? a business segment with traditionally low margins that often leads producers to hunt for the cheapest suppliers ? often contain ingredients from multiple suppliers in different countries, who themselves at times subcontract production to others, making it hard to monitor every link in the production chain.

Standardized DNA checks with meat suppliers or more stringent labeling rules on disclosing the origin of processed food's ingredients will add costs that producers will most likely hand over to consumers, making food more expensive.

The scandal has created a split in the European Union between nations like Britain, which see further rules as a protectionist hindrance of free trade under the 27-nation bloc's single market, and those calling for tougher regulation, including Austria and Germany.

"Consumers have every right to the greatest-possible transparency," German Agriculture Minister Ilse Aigner said.

At the meeting in Brussels, several EU agriculture ministers called upon the Commission, the bloc's executive arm, to speed up presenting a proposal on tougher regulation by this summer.

The scandal began in Ireland in mid-January when the country announced the results of its first-ever DNA tests on beef products. It tested frozen beef burgers taken from store shelves and found that more than a third of brands at five supermarkets contained at least a trace of horse. The sample of one brand sold by the British supermarket kingpin Tesco had more than 25 percent horse meat.

___

Associated Press writers Juergen Baetz in Brussels, Karel Janicek in Prague and Ciaran Giles in Madrid contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ikea-withdraws-meatballs-more-20-countries-211231901--finance.html

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NYC wife: Officer wanted to kill me, eat others

FILE - In this Oct. 25, 2012, file courtroom drawing, Federal Defender Julie Gatto requests bail for her client, New York City Police Officer Gilberto Valle, right, at Manhattan Federal Court in New York. The New York City police officer accused of kidnapping conspiracy admits to thinking about abducting, cooking and devouring young women. His own lawyer has shown prospective jurors a kinky staged photo of a woman trussed up in a roasting pan to test their tolerance for the officer?s "weird proclivities." (AP Photo/Elizabeth Williams, File)

FILE - In this Oct. 25, 2012, file courtroom drawing, Federal Defender Julie Gatto requests bail for her client, New York City Police Officer Gilberto Valle, right, at Manhattan Federal Court in New York. The New York City police officer accused of kidnapping conspiracy admits to thinking about abducting, cooking and devouring young women. His own lawyer has shown prospective jurors a kinky staged photo of a woman trussed up in a roasting pan to test their tolerance for the officer?s "weird proclivities." (AP Photo/Elizabeth Williams, File)

In this courtroom sketch, Gilberto Valle is seen in federal court in New York, Monday, Feb 25, 2013. The wife of Valle, a New York City police officer, will testify at a federal trial to explain how she discovered that he was discussing kidnapping, killing and eating women. (AP Photo/Elizabeth Williams)

FILE - This Oct. 25, 2012 file photo shows a passage of a Federal complaint filed in New York, against New York City Police Department officer Gilberto Valle. Valle is accused of kidnapping conspiracy and admits to thinking about abducting, cooking and devouring young women. His own lawyer has shown prospective jurors a kinky staged photo of a woman trussed up in a roasting pan to test their tolerance for the officer?s "weird proclivities." (AP Photo/Richard Drew, File)

(AP) ? The estranged wife of a New York City police officer struggled to keep her composure Monday as she testified about discovering shocking emails and other evidence on his computer showing he had discussed killing her and abducting, torturing and eating other women.

"I was going to be tied up by my feet and my throat slit, and they were going to watch the blood drain out of me," Kathleen Mangan-Valle told a Manhattan jury.

Mangan-Valle, 27, also read about plans to put one friend in a suitcase, wheel her out of her building and murder her. Two other women were "going to be raped in front of each other to heighten their fears," while another was going to be roasted alive over an open fire, she said.

"The suffering was for his enjoyment, and he wanted to make it last as long as possible," she said.

Mangan-Valle broke down in tears several times, but the emotional peak of the day came when a defense attorney showed her pictures of Officer Gilberto Valle in uniform feeding their newborn daughter, prompting both her and Valle to openly weep as the judge sent the jury away for an afternoon break.

The drama came on the first day of testimony at the closely watched trial of the 28-year-old Valle, a baby-faced defendant dubbed the "Cannibal Cop" by city tabloids.

Valle is accused of conspiring to kidnap a woman and unauthorized use of a law enforcement database that prosecutors say he used to help build a list of potential targets. A conviction on the kidnapping count carries a possible life sentence.

The officer has claimed his online discussions of cannibalism were harmless fetish fantasies. But in opening statements Monday, a prosecutor said "very real women" were put in jeopardy.

"Make no mistake," said Assistant U.S. Attorney Randall Jackson. "Gilbert Valle was very serious about these plans."

Defense attorney Julia Gatto argued that her client "never intended to kidnap anyone." She added: "You can't convict people for their thoughts, even if they're sick."

A college graduate and New York Police Department patrolman, Valle appeared to be leading a normal life before "things got bad," his wife said. "Weird stuff started happening."

Mangan-Valle testified her husband began asking questions about where she liked to jog, what the lighting was like and whether other people were around. Using spyware on his computer, she said, she uncovered gruesome photos and the names, heights and weights of women.

She also found that he had visited a fetish website that featured images of dead women.

"I was scared. ... I'd never seen that before," she said.

Once Mangan-Valle fled her home and reported his strange behavior to the FBI last year, agents uncovered "a heinous plot to kidnap, rape, murder and cannibalize a number of very real women," Jackson said.

The officer had attempted to contact potential victims, including a New York City elementary school teacher, to learn more about their jobs and residences, the prosecutor said. His Internet research also included the best rope to tie someone up with, recipes, human flesh, white slavery and chemicals that can knock someone out, Jackson said.

Gatto countered in her opening statement that there was "no proof of a crime here. The charges are pure fiction."

Valle, she said, had always been aroused by "unusual things," including the thought of a woman boiled down on a platter with an apple in her mouth. He found a home at a fetish website with 38,000 registered members, where regulars discuss "suffocating women, cooking and eating them," she said.

The defense has denied that Mangan-Valle was a potential victim. Valle had made clear that his wife "was unavailable for any kidnapping fantasy," the defense has said in court papers.

On cross-examination, Gatto asked Mangan-Valle if she declined to meet with the defense before the trial began.

"You're representing the man who wants to kill me," she responded. "No, I don't want to talk to you."

Valle is expected to take the stand to make the case that it was all role-playing fantasy. The defense also is planning to call experts to explain the fetish subculture and to show jurors the videotaped testimony of the fetish website's co-founder Sergey Merenkov.

Merenkov called the site "a clone of Facebook, but it is oriented to people with fetishes that are not considered standard." Asked about the most popular fetishes, he responded, "All sorts of asphyxiation" and "peril cannibalism."

Tiger Howard Devore, a psychologist and certified sex therapist who specializes in dealing with sexual dysfunction and fetishes, said the cannibalism fetish known as voreaphilia isn't common.

"For most laymen, they're going to think about it as cannibalism," Devore told The Associated Press in an interview Monday. "But what it really is, is an obsession about consuming the flesh of the other, and this can have a whole range of expressions. ... It is mostly played out in fantasy, mostly played out in role-playing."

There are well-known criminal extremes like Jeffrey Dahmer, who saved pieces of his victims' body parts and ate the flesh, Devore said, though "the instances of this kind of violence are extremely rare."

___

Associated Press writer Eileen AJ Connelly contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2013-02-25-Police%20Officer-Cannibalism/id-13cc5c6f4e8d41e68c235ee71e56f80a

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Thursday, February 21, 2013

Quick, efficient chip cleans up common flaws in amateur photographs

Feb. 19, 2013 ? Your smartphone snapshots could be instantly converted into professional-looking photographs with just the touch of a button, thanks to a processor chip developed at MIT.

The chip, built by a team at MIT's Microsystems Technology Laboratory, can perform tasks such as creating more realistic or enhanced lighting in a shot without destroying the scene's ambience, in just a fraction of a second. The technology could be integrated with any smartphone, tablet computer or digital camera.

Existing computational photography systems tend to be software applications that are installed onto cameras and smartphones. However, such systems consume substantial power, take a considerable amount of time to run, and require a fair amount of knowledge on the part of the user, says the paper's lead author, Rahul Rithe, a graduate student in MIT's Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

"We wanted to build a single chip that could perform multiple operations, consume significantly less power compared to doing the same job in software, and do it all in real time," Rithe says. He developed the chip with Anantha Chandrakasan, the Joseph F. and Nancy P. Keithley Professor of Electrical Engineering, fellow graduate student Priyanka Raina, research scientist Nathan Ickes and undergraduate Srikanth Tenneti.

One such task, known as High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging, is designed to compensate for limitations on the range of brightness that can be recorded by existing digital cameras, to capture pictures that more accurately reflect the way we perceive the same scenes with our own eyes.

To do this, the chip's processor automatically takes three separate "low dynamic range" images with the camera: a normally exposed image, an overexposed image capturing details in the dark areas of the scene, and an underexposed image capturing details in the bright areas. It then merges them to create one image capturing the entire range of brightness in the scene, Rithe says.

Software-based systems typically take several seconds to perform this operation, while the chip can do it in a few hundred milliseconds on a 10-megapixel image. This means it is even fast enough to apply to video, Ickes says. The chip consumes dramatically less power than existing CPUs and GPUs while performing the operation, he adds.

Another task the chip can carry out is to enhance the lighting in a darkened scene more realistically than conventional flash photography. "Typically when taking pictures in a low-light situation, if we don't use flash on the camera we get images that are pretty dark and noisy, and if we do use the flash we get bright images but with harsh lighting, and the ambience created by the natural lighting in the room is lost," Rithe says.

So in this instance the processor takes two images, one with a flash and one without. It then splits both into a base layer, containing just the large-scale features within the shot, and a detailed layer. Finally, it merges the two images, preserving the natural ambience from the base layer of the nonflash shot, while extracting the details from the picture taken with the flash.

To remove unwanted features from the image, such as noise -- the unexpected variations in color or brightness created by digital cameras -- the system blurs any undesired pixel with its surrounding neighbors, so that it matches those around it. In conventional filtering, however, this means even those pixels at the edges of objects are also blurred, which results in a less detailed image.

But by using what is called a bilateral filter, the researchers are able to preserve these outlines, Rithe says. That is because bilateral filters will only blur pixels with their neighbors if they have been assigned a similar brightness value. Since any objects within the image are likely to have a very different level of brightness than that of their background, this prevents the system from blurring across any edges, he says.

To perform each of these tasks, the chip's processing unit uses a method of organizing and storing data called a bilateral grid. The image is first divided into smaller blocks. For each block, a histogram is then created. This results in a 3-D representation of the image, with the x and y axes representing the position of the block, and the brightness histogram representing the third dimension.

This makes it easy for the filter to avoid blurring across edges, since pixels with different brightness levels are separated in this third axis in the grid structure, no matter how close together they are in the image itself.

The algorithms implemented on the chip are inspired by the computational photography work of associate professor of computer science and engineering Fredo Durand and Bill Freeman, a professor of computer science and engineering in MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. With the aid of Taiwanese semiconductor manufacturer TSMC's University Shuttle Program, the researchers have already built a working prototype of the chip using 40-nanometer CMOS technology, and integrated it into a camera and display. They will be presenting their chip at the International Solid-State Circuits Conference in San Francisco in February.

The work was funded by the Foxconn Technology Group, based in Taiwan.

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